Diet for Diabetes: Menu for a week, what you can and can not do

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine pathology in which the metabolism is disrupted due to lack of hormone insulin or improper action.

Distinguish between insulin-dependent (type 1) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2).

In the first case, patients should inject insulin preparations because the hormone produced in their body is insufficient or completely absent.

The second type disrupts the interaction of insulin with cells.

Despite the various mechanisms of development of pathology, dietary nutrition plays a major role in its therapy.

Peculiarities of diet for diabetics

In the past, the food suppression system was the only way to stop hyperglycemia, or high levels of glucose. Now the patients's diet has expanded significantly. Diabetics are advised to follow a few important rules for effective control of blood glucose.

Patients should not starve or overeat. These conditions are dangerous to their health. You need to eat so that the amount of carbohydrates consumed is evenly distributed throughout the day.

General dietary requirements:

• Fractional feeding (at least 6 times a day);
• Calculation of carbohydrates consumed;
• Restriction of animal fats;
• Inclusion of plant foods in the diet;
• Preference for steamed food, cooked in the oven;
• Avoid foods that increase or limit carbohydrate loads;
• Balanced diet;
• Replacing sugar with substitutes;
• Consumption of coarse fiber foods;
• Adherence to the drinking regime;
• Reduce salt intake;
• Elimination of alcohol.

You can diversify your diet by purchasing utensils that allow you to prepare food without oil.

In order to absorb carbohydrates more slowly and not cause a jump in blood sugar, it is worth following the following recommendations:

1. Eat raw or whole grains such as ground grains instead of ground or cooked grains.
2. Meals should not be hot as temperature affects glucose uptake.
3. The fiber in food inhibits the absorption of simple carbohydrates and helps remove cholesterol.
4. Simple carbohydrates are best after a basic meal.

The menu may include foods that contain simple carbohydrates such as fiber carbohydrates such as fruits and berries. Glucose absorption is slowed down when consumed with proteins (protein cream) or fats. However, do not forget that "slow" carbohydrates are also absorbed into the bloodstream, raising sugar.

Dietary differences in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Since the causes of high blood sugar in the first and second types of disease are different, there are several approaches to patients's diet. Meals are more varied for insulin-dependent patients. Since they suffer from this pathology more often at a young age, the diet includes high-calorie foods. Consumption of grain units is taken into account when compiling the diet.

The main task of nutrition in type 2 diabetes is to lose weight. In this case the menu is calculated according to the caloric content of the products. The patient's diet is more strict. They are not allowed sugar, fatty foods and foods that raise cholesterol.

Bread unit

The concept of "bread unit" (XE) was introduced to account for the quantitative composition of carbohydrates. For 1 XE is considered 25 g of bread or 12 g of sugar (carbohydrates). Diabetics need a diagram of bread units to calculate the short insulin input.

1 XE requires 2-4 units. Insulin. The individual need for additional insulin administration according to XE is determined using a self-monitoring diary to be kept by the patient.

A person with diabetes should eat no more than 7 XE per meal. The main load of carbohydrates occurs in the first half of the day.

In order not to constantly calculate bread units by product weight, we have created product tables based on their energy value.

What is the glycemic index of food

The Glycemic Index (GI) is an indicator of how much your blood sugar may have risen compared to your glucose intake when using a particular product.

High GI food (70 or more):

• honey,
• Glucose;
• Sugar;
• Potato Puree;
• Sweet soda;
• Sweets - corn sticks, puffed rice.

Average GI (56-69):

• Melons;
• Bananas;
• Oatmeal;
• black bread.

Has the lowest GI:

• milk products;
• Milk;
• Fruits;
• Peas, beans, lentils and other legumes.

Absorption rate is affected by cooking, food integrity and temperature.

Only moderate and low GI foods are allowed during diabetes.

List of allowed and prohibited products

The principles of diet for people with different types of diabetes differ. However, there are dishes that endocrinologists do not recommend eating.

The list of prohibited foods includes:

• Fried potatoes, potatoes, chips;
• Sweet fruits - grapes;
• Fatty meat;
• Smoked meat;
• Canned food in oil;
• Pate;
• Sweet cottage cheese, cottage cheese mass;
• Sweet yogurts;
• Margarine;
• White bread and white flour cakes;
• Juices from the store;
• Soda;
• Alcohol;
• Sweets, chocolate;
• Jam;
• Condensed milk;
• fast food.

Patients will love these foods and drinks:

• mineral water;
• Rose compote;
• Vegetable juices;
• Freshly squeezed juices from sweet and sour berries and fruits;
• Sugar-free citrus fruits;
• Frozen and fresh berries;
• Low-fat dairy products without sugar;
• Dietary meat - chicken, turkey, veal, rabbit meat;
• Cabbage;
• Legumes;
• Mushroom;
• Tomatoes;
• eggplant;
• Herbs;
• asparagus;
• Broccoli;
• Milk;
• Whole baked goods;
• sea Products;
• Fish.

To reduce the starch content in vegetables and grains, it is recommended to soak them before cooking.

Menu compilation rules

The menu should take into account not only the carbohydrate load and caloric content of food, but also the activity of diabetes. Exercise lowers blood sugar levels. In type 1 diabetes it is recommended to eat 1 XE every hour of physical activity. This will prevent you from changing the insulin bolus dose.

During obesity, a dietitian helps to compile a diet based on the energy content (caloric content) of food and daily energy expenditure during exercise. The calculation takes into account the patient's sex, age and degree of obesity. It is allowed to arrange fasting days (with type 2 diabetes). However, fasting is contraindicated in such patients.

The general condition of the diabetic is taken into account when preparing the menu. Pregnant and lactating women, adolescents, and debilitated patients need protein intake. If the patient has renal or hepatic insufficiency, ketoacidosis, protein intake is reduced.

Do not forget about other nutrients that are involved in metabolism: vitamins, zinc, copper, manganese. Due to the susceptibility of patients to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, the salt content in dishes is reduced.

Menu sample for one week

Monday

• Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, protein-bran bread with butter, tea;
• snack: cabbage salad with eggs;
• Lunch: chicken soup, vegetable salad with herbs, green beans with white meat cutlet, compote, diabetic rye bread;
• Afternoon breakfast: bread with yogurt;
• Dinner: steamed zrazi with fish, rye bread, vegetable salad;
• snack: fermented milk drink.

Tuesday

• Breakfast: oatmeal, cereal bread with butter, tea;
• snack: salad of parsley, onion and mushrooms;
• Lunch: pea soup, baked chicken with vegetables, vegetable salad, cereal bread, drink;
• Afternoon snack: fermented baked milk biscuits;
• Dinner: stewed fish with vegetables, whole grain bread, juice;
• snack: yogurt.

Wednesday

• Breakfast: porridge "Artek", protein-bran bread with butter, coffee;
• snack: salad of celery, apples and carrots;
• Lunch: borscht, buckwheat porridge with steamed cutlets, sauerkraut salad, protein-bran bread, compote;
• Afternoon snack: cottage cheese with fruit;
• Dinner: Bigos with sauerkraut and meat, protein-bran bread, juice;
• snack: baked apples.

Thursday

• Breakfast: eggs, rye bread with butter, tea;
• snack: cottage cheese with yogurt;
• Lunch: green borscht, baked eggplant with meat, tomato salad with low-fat sour cream, rye bread, compote;
• Afternoon: Cottage cheese pudding with tea;
• Dinner: stewed meat with vegetables, rye bread, drink;
• snack: Bread with kefir.

Friday

• Breakfast: pearl barley porridge, cereal bread with butter, tea (chicory, coffee);
• snack: fruit salad with yogurt;
• Lunch: fish soup, fish cutlet with vegetable garnish, Bulgarian pepper and cucumber salad, cereal bread, citrus drink;
• Afternoon snack: bread with milk;
• Dinner: steamed cutlets with milk sauce, porridge, whole grain bread, lemonade;
• snack: fruit.

Saturday

• Breakfast: omelet with veal, protein-bran bread with cheese, tea;
• snack: cottage cheese with berries;
• Lunch: mushroom soup, porridge with cooked (baked) meat, canned peas with onions and herbs, protein-bran bread, compote;
• Afternoon: Oatmeal with fermented baked milk;
• Dinner: meaty zucchini, porridge, protein-bran bread, drink;
• snack: fermented baked milk.

Sunday

• Breakfast: brown rice with minced meat and cabbage (cabbage rolls), rye bread with butter, tea;
• snack: bread with yogurt;
• Lunch: soup with meat, omelet with chicken, red cabbage salad, rye bread, drink;
• Afternoon snack: kefir biscuits;
• Dinner: fish cakes, baked potatoes, rye bread, drinks;
• snack: Biscuit with milk.

The trial menu is compiled by a nutritionist. In the future, diabetes itself will supplement the diet, taking into account the recommendations of the doctor.

Ready meals for diabetics

It takes a lot of time and effort to properly feed a diabetic. Most people with diabetes just do not have enough time to properly prepare the menu and prepare food, so now I want to tell you about the company Cryodieta, which helps to make life easier for people with diabetes.

Cryodieta is a ready-made and delicious food delivery service not only for diabetics, but also for those who want to lose weight. The menu was prepared by competent specialists - nutritionists and doctors.

Thanks to the use of special technology "shock freezing", you just need to heat the food in the microwave or multigase and enjoy it deliciously. At the same time, the freezer retains all the nutrients.

The main advantages of "Cryodiet":

• Production of products in ecologically clean zone of Novgorod region;
• Delivery immediately in person;
• A variety of foods;
• Shock freezing (keeps food without preservatives);
• More affordable prices compared to competitors.

Examples of dishes

Big cities offer ready-made food delivery service for diabetics, so if you want to get a healthy diet food and not spend much time on it, order a weekly menu on the official website.

Sugar substitutes

In order for patients not to suffer from a lack of sweets, sweeteners can be added to the dishes. They are divided into three groups:

1. Carbohydrates - fructose, sorbose, xylitol, sorbitol, molasses.
2. Protein sweeteners - Miraculin, Monelin.
3. Synthetic - aspartame, sodium cyclamate.

Endocrinologists recommend using the natural sweetener stevia. Its leaves contain a complex of glycosides that are 200 times sweeter than sugar. The sweetener is useful in obesity, high cholesterol and high blood sugar. Due to its ability to normalize metabolism, stevia helps to restore the antitoxic function of the liver.

Plant glycosides stimulate immunity, reduce sugar levels and have beneficial effects on the digestive and endocrine systems. Drinks containing stevia extract quench cravings for sugary and fatty foods and help you get rid of extra pounds.

High blood sugar is not a death sentence for patients if you learn how to compose a diet and use healthy sweets instead of sugar. Also, do not forget about the mandatory consultation with an endocrinologist.